NMFC codes, or National Motor Freight Classification codes, are standardized numeric identifiers used in LTL (Less-than-Truckload) shipping to classify freight. Developed by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA), NMFC codes are essential for determining shipping rates, freight classes, and carrier liability.

Each code corresponds to a specific commodity type and is used by carriers and shippers to maintain consistency, improve billing accuracy, and ensure proper handling during transit.

If you ship LTL freight, understanding NMFC codes is critical to keeping costs predictable and avoiding disputes.

Why NMFC Codes Matter

Every LTL shipment is assigned an NMFC code, which directly affects how that shipment is priced and handled. These codes serve several key functions:

• Determine the freight class for pricing
• Define how freight should be packaged and handled
• Establish carrier liability for loss or damage
• Ensure uniform shipping standards across carriers

Incorrect classification can lead to billing adjustments, delays, or carrier chargebacks. Getting the code right from the start helps ensure your freight moves without disruption.

How NMFC Codes Are Determined

Each NMFC code is assigned based on four main characteristics of the freight:

1. Density
   The weight of the shipment relative to its dimensions.
2. Stowability
   How easily the freight can be stored or loaded with other shipments.
3. Handling
   Whether the freight requires special attention, equipment, or care.
4. Liability
   The likelihood of damage, theft, or high value affecting the shipment.

These characteristics help determine a freight class, which ranges from Class 50 (least expensive) to Class 500 (most expensive). Higher-class items tend to take up more space, are harder to handle, or have higher risk.

How to Find the Right NMFC Code

You can find NMFC codes through:

• The official NMFTA NMFC directory (subscription required)
• Consultation with your carrier or a third-party logistics provider (3PL)
• Using freight classification tools or density calculators that factor in density and product type

Keep in mind that different packaging or pallet configurations can result in different codes, even for the same product.

Common Mistakes When Assigning NMFC Codes

Incorrectly classifying freight is one of the most frequent causes of unexpected shipping costs. Common mistakes include:

• Using outdated codes or guessing based on similar items
• Not accounting for changes in packaging or density
• Applying the same code across multiple products without verification
• Failing to update NMFC codes when product specifications change

These errors often result in freight reclassifications, delayed shipments, and added fees.

Best Practices for Managing NMFC Codes

To reduce risk and improve freight classification accuracy:

• Keep product weights and dimensions up to date
• Review your NMFC classifications on a regular basis
• Audit freight invoices for signs of reclassification
• Train your team on the importance of freight classification
• Partner with a logistics provider that can help review and validate codes

Proper classification helps protect your margins, avoid disruptions, and build better relationships with carriers.

How FreightPlus Supports Accurate Classification

FreightPlus helps companies simplify and manage their NMFC classification process. Our team works with shippers to:

• Review product data and ensure accurate NMFC coding
• Recommend improvements to packaging and handling processes
• Identify shipments most at risk of reclassification
• Monitor NMFC updates to help you stay compliant with the latest classification standards
• Improve freight cost forecasting through better data

If you're unsure whether your current codes are accurate, or you're seeing frequent invoice adjustments, our team can help you take control of your freight program.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is an NMFC code?
An NMFC code is a numeric identifier used to classify freight based on its characteristics. These codes determine how freight is rated and handled in LTL shipping.

Who assigns NMFC codes?
NMFC codes are published and maintained by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA).

Do all products have an NMFC code?
Most products shipped via LTL do have an NMFC code. Some items may fall under multiple codes depending on how they are packaged.

How can I find the correct NMFC code for my product?
You can consult the NMFC directory, use a freight classification tool, or work with a logistics provider to identify the appropriate code.

What happens if I use the wrong NMFC code?
Using an incorrect NMFC code can result in reclassifications, billing disputes, additional fees, and shipping delays.